Ginger Translation Software

Ginger

Advantage of Ginger:

            Ginger uses statistical algorithms in conjunction with natural language processing, aiming to improve written communications, develop English speaking skills and boost smartphone productivity. The algorithm in ginger allows it to correct the written sentences with relatively high accuracy (eliminating up to 95 percent of writing errors), compared to standard spell checkers. Using Ginger Software, a student who may have dyslexia is able to write a sentence and then listen to their writing. This enables them to decide if what they have composed is correct. If they are not sure, they are able to choose a word from the list of alternative choices. Not only does Ginger’s Text To Speech offer the ability to enhance sentence correction, but for writers who struggle with pronunciation, they are also able to hear a proper word pronunciation. This is very helpful for building better speech and literacy skills.

            This is helpful for Bloggers, students, employees, office workers and all for those who use to write the documents. After installing this on your computer, you can use it anywhere. It works everywhere. You can use it in Microsoft Office files, WordPad or NotePad, Browsers, Social Sites and even in the post editor. Ginger provides an automatic spell checker, assisting people with learning difficulties such as dyslexia to improve their writing skills, through an intelligent automatic context-based correction of spelling mistakes and misused words.

Disadvantage of Ginger:

1. It takes too long to install.

2. Although this system makes the application more potent, it also requires an extra flow of data between your computer and servers. Moreover, the application becomes absolutely useless without an Internet connection.

HOW TO USE GINGER

Ginger helps you write better by providing you a toolbox for all of your writing needs. It includes a grammar and spell checker, translator, word definitions and contextual synonyms. This is how the toolbox in Ginger looks like:

1. The first feature is Grammar and Spell Checker. As you write within the application, your grammar, spelling and punctuations are automatically highlighted

Hover over the highlighted words to see the suggestion for the correct words.

Click the suggested words to approve and applied it to your text words or you can click the “x” to ignore the suggestion. As simple as that.

You can also use Grammar and Spell checker Microsoft Office files, WordPad or NotePad, Browsers, Social Sites and even in the post editor. Write your text in those programs and Ginger will automatically run and help you with your writing by highlighting the words which are not correctly placed or not fit in into the context or meaning in the text.

2. The second feature is a Translator. Simply choose a language and input the text you’d like the translation tool to transform. You can use this language translation software to communicate with others or to improve your own English skills.

 All you have to do is write the  text you want to translate in the application.

Write your text in the language you want, for example in English, and you want to translate it to Bahasa Indonesia. 

After you write your text, click Translate to show the translation

In the translation above, it shows that Ginger has a grammar tool which is more sophisticated than other programs. Ginger already knows which one is the NOUN in the text, a topic which may or may not be addressed by other programs.

3. The third feature, which are also very useful, is Word Definition.You can use this feature to look up the word you don’t understand or unclear. This feature will give you the full definition of the word.

All you have to do is write the word in the box provided. After you write your word, click enter to see the list of definitions provided by the program.

4. The last but not least is Synonym feature.

Ginger synonym is more than just thesaurus. You can use this feature to find colorful synonyms for your texts. Same with Word Definition feature, write your word in the box provided and click enter to see the synonyms to your word provided by the program.

Once you find the synonyms for your word, you can spice up your writing and choose the best way to express yourself.

Resource(s):

Gingersoftware.com

The Definition of Translation

Intra-lingual, Inter-lingual, inter-semiotic translation

In literature translation, there are types of translation which have been stated by the experts. Some of those translations are classified by the symbolic systems which are involved, texts which are translated, and also by the process and the emphasis of the translations.

Roman Jacobson (1959:234) distinguishes translations into three types, which are intra-lingual translation, inter-lingual-translation, and inter-semiotic translation.

Intra-lingual translation is the process of transferring a text into another text in the same language based on a translator’s interpretation. Therefore, if we rewrite Aku, a poem by Chairil Anwar into a prose in Bahasa, it means that we are doing the intra-lingual translation.

The second type of translation is inter-lingual translation. This type of translation is a translation in the actual meaning. In this translation, translators rewrite the meaning or the source language text into the target language text.

The last type of translation is inter-semiotic translation. This type of translation covers the interpretation of the texts into other forms or symbolic systems. One of the examples of this translation is an interpretation of a novel into a film.

DIRECT - INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and indirect speech can be a source of confusion for English learners. Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa.

You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways:

• by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)
• by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation.

EXAMPLES

• She says, "What time will you be home?"
• She said, "What time will you be home?" and I said, "I don't know! "
• "There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
• John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."

INDIRECT SPEECH

Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

She said, "I saw him." (direct speech) = She said that she had seen him. (indirect speech)

'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was happy. = She told him she was happy.

'SAY' AND 'TELL'

Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.

'TALK' AND 'SPEAK'

Use these verbs to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.

Use these verbs with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.

Example:

Direct question                         Indirect question

Doesn’t understand               didn’t  understand

(present tense)                            (past tense)

Didn’t understand                 hadn’t  understood

(past tense)                                (past perfect tense)

Susie said, “Who doesn’t want  milk in their tea?”

Susie asked who didn’t want  milk in their tea.

Tony said, “Sara, Why didn’t  you inform  me earlier?”

Tony asked Sara why she hadn’t  informed  him earlier.

The introductory sentence

If you use Reported Speech there are mostly two main differences.

The introductory sentence in Reported Speech can be in the Present or in the Past.

If the introductory sentences is in the Simple Present, there is no backshift of tenses.

Direct Speech:

·         Susan: “Mary works in an office.”

Reported Speech:

·         Introductory sentence in the Simple Present → Susan says (that)* Mary works in an office.

·         Introductory sentence in the Simple Past → Susan said (that)* Mary worked in an office.

s  

        Sources: 

    http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/

    https://learningenglishgrammar.wordpress.com/direct-and-indirect-speech-positive-and-negative-questions/

    http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/reported.htm

s

s

HOBI

HOBI = LIBURAN

Perkenalkan nama saya Rifki Kanijaya,
Siapa yg tidak tahu apa pengertian dari hobi? banyak yg mengartikan bahwa hobi itu adalah sesuatu yg kita sukai saat kita lakukan. Lalu, apa itu liburan? banyak juga yang mengartikan liburan adalah suatu cara agar dapat sejenak melupakan sejenak kepenatan kita karna aktifitas kita sehari-hari.

Bagi saya, HOBI = LIBURAN, kenapa? karna dengan melakukan hal itu saya dapat melupakan sejenak kepenatan sehari-hari..dan saya suka melakukan hobi saya. Liburan murah? ya hobi saya terhitung cukup terjangkau. Olahraga adalah hobi saya, khusus nya olahraga futsal, meskipun saya tidak mahir bermain futsal.

Perkenalkan, mereka adalah teman-teman saya bermain futsal dan sama sama mahasiswa sastra inggris Universitas Gunadarma

Dan yang berikutnya adalah teman bermain futsal dan sepakbola, mereka dan saya sama-sama fans sebuah klub sepakbola italia, yaitu AS Roma

Dan saat ini kami ( RCI Bekasi ) sedang menjalani turnamen antar fansclub se-Bekasi, yaitu LIGA PAGUYUBAN FANSCLUB 2015.

Sekian penjelasan saya tentang hobi saya tersebut, terima kasih dan mohon do'a nya agar saya bersama RCI Bekasi dapat menjuarai LIGA PAGUYUBAN tersebut.

Puisi "ANGIN"

ANGIN

Setiap Langkahku ada dia....

Terasa disekelilingku...

Terasa, tapi tak terlihat..

Sungguh hanya bisa dirasa...

Tak peduli apa yang orang bicarakan..

Karena ia hanya bisa dikenal saat menyentuh yang lainnya..

Tak mengharap kan pujian..
Tak berharap dianggap ada..

Karena memang itu takdirnya..
Takdirnya untuk tak terlihat..
Takdirnya untuk berguna..

Modal Auxiliary

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

· They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...

· They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)

· They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

List of modal verbs

Here is a list of modal verbs:


can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must


The verbs or expressions dare, ought to, had better, and need not behave like modal auxiliaries to a large extent and my be added to the above list

PATTERN:

* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1

· Can she do the test?

· Will we go to the hospital?

* ( + ) S + MODAL + V1

· She can do the test.

· We will go to the hospital

* ( – ) S + MODAL NOT + V1

· She can’t do the test.

· We will not go to the hospital.

* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1

· Can she do the test?

· Will we go to the hospital?




FUNCTIONS

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission

2. Ability

3. Obligation

4. Prohibition

5. Lack of necessity

6. Advice

7. possibility

8. probability


Examples of modal verbs

Here is a list of modals with examples:



MUST 

Strong obligation

Ex: You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.

logical conclusion / Certainty

Ex: He must be very tired. He's been working all day long.


MUST NOT

Prohibition 

Ex: You must not smoke in the hospital.


CAN

Ability

Ex: I can swim.

Permision 

Ex:Can I use your phone please?

Possibility

Ex: Smoking can cause cancer.


COULD

Ability in the past
Ex: When I was younger I could run fast.

Polite Permission

Ex: Excuse me, could I just say something?

Possibility

Ex: It could rain tomorrow!


MAY

Permission

Ex: May I use your phone please?

Possibility, Probability

Ex: It may rain tomorrow!


MIGHT

 

Polite Permision

Ex: Might I suggest an idea?

Possibility, Probability

Ex: I might go on holiday to Australia next year.



SHOULD/OUGHT TO

50 % obligation

Ex: I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a terrible headache.

Advice 

Ex: You should / ought to revise your lessons

Logical Conclusion

Ex: He should / ought to be very tired. He's been working all day long.


HAD BETTER

Advice
Ex: You 'd better revise your lessons


Remember

Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to", also called the bare infinitive.
Examples:
You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.
You should see to the doctor.
There are a lot of tomatoes in the fridge. You need not buy any.



EXERCISE

Complete the following sentences using appropriate modal auxiliary verbs. Each question is followed by three suggested answers. Choose the most appropriate one.

1. I ……………………… be happy to meet Robinson.

a) will

b) shall

c) Either could be used here

2. ………………… he play for our team?

a) Will

b) Shall

c) Either could be used here

3. …………………… I get a prize if I stand first in the examination?

a) Will

b) Would

c) Should

4. I …………………. be able to beat him. (Express possibility)

a) would

b) should

c) could

5. Watch and pray lest you …………………. fall into temptation.

a) should

b) would

c) could

6. The old man ………………… recline in a corner and sleep most of the time. (Express a habitual action in the past)

a) should

b) would

c) could

7. I ………………… rather read a novel than watch that stupid movie.

a) would

b) should

c) might

8. …………………… you mind lending me your pen for a minute?

a) Should

b) Would

c) Could

9. Till last year, I ………………. read without glasses.

a) would

b) should

c) could

10. If I ……………….. fly like a bird, I …………………. be with you now.

a) would, would

c) could, would

c) could, will

c) can, would

Answers

1. I will / shall be happy to meet Robinson.

2. Will he play for our team?

3. Will I get a prize if I stand first in the examination?

4. I should be able to beat him.

5. Watch and pray lest you should fall into temptation.

6. The old man would recline in a corner and sleep most of the time.

7. I would rather read a novel than watch that stupid movie.

8. Would you mind lending me your pen for a minute?

9. Till last year, I could read without glasses.

10. If I could fly like a bird, I would be with you now.

References:

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-modals.php

https://vhi3y4.wordpress.com/2011/01/05/modal-auxiliary/

http://www.englishgrammar.org/modal-auxiliary-verbs-exercise-2/

Conditional Sentence

If Clause

If-clauses are also known as conditional clauses or conditional sentences. This means that the event in the main clause (not counting the if) only takes place if the condition in the clause containing if is fulfilled.

Types of Clauses

There are two major types of clauses main (or independent) clause and subordinate (or dependant) clause.

Main Clause and Subordinate Clause – Comparison

He is buying a shirt which looks very nice.


The above sentence has two clauses “He is buying a shirt” and “which looks very nice”. The clause “He is buying a shirt” expresses a complete thought and can alone stand as a sentence. Such a clause is called main or independent clause.
While the clause “which looks very nice” does not express a complete thought and can’t stand as a sentence. It depends on another clause (main clause) to express complete idea. Such a clause is called subordinate or dependent clause.

Main or Independent Clause 

“Main (or independent) clause is a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand as a sentence.

Examples

I met the boy who had helped me.
She is wearing a shirt which looks nice.
The teacher asked a question but no one answered.
He takes medicine because he suffers from fever.
He became angry and smashed the vase into peaces.

In the above sentences each underlined part shows main clause. It expresses complete though and can stand as a sentence that is why a main or an independent clause is normally referred as a simple sentence.

Subordinate or dependent Clause

Subordinate (or independent) clause is a clause which does not express complete thought and depends on another clause (main clause) to express complete thought. Subordinate clause does not express complete idea and can’t stand as a sentence. A sentence having a subordinate clause must have a main clause.

Example
He likes Chinese rice which tastes good.

The clause “which tastes good” in above sentence is a subordinate clause because it does not express complete thought and can’t stand as a sentence. It depends on main clause (he likes Chinese rise) to express complete thought.

Examples.
I met the boy who had helped me.
I bought a table that costs $ 100.
He takes medicine because he suffers from fever.
The teacher asked a question but no one answered.

Subordinate (or dependent) clauses are further divided into tree types,
1. Noun Phrase, 2. Adjective Phrase, 3. Adverb Phrase



1. Form

type	if-clause	main clause
I	Simple Present	will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
II	Simple Past	would + infinitive *
III	Past Perfect	would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type	if clause	main clause
I	If I study,	I will pass the exam.
II	If I studied,	I would pass the exam.
III	If I had studied,	I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)

type	main clause	if-clause
I	I will pass the exam	if I study.
II	I would pass the exam	if I studied.
III	I would have passed the exam	if I had studied.

4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type		Examples
		long forms	short/contracted forms
I	+	If I study, I will pass the exam.	If I study, I'll pass the exam.
	-	If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.	If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.
II	+	If I studied, I would pass the exam.	If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
	-	If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.	If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.
III	+	If I had studied, I would have passedthe exam.	If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.
	-	If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.	If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failedthe exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).

· I would pass the exam.

· I could pass the exam.

· I might pass the exam.

· I may pass the exam.

· I should pass the exam.

· I must pass the exam



Type I (real conditional)

We use type I to talk about a condition that could possibly become true in the present or the future.
(Maybe I’ll have time later.)

if + present simple, will-future

Example:

If I have time, I will help you.

Type II (unreal condition – present)

We use type II to talk about present or future conditions that are unreal – they are not true or not likely to become true in the future.
(I know I don’t have any time.)

if + simple past, would + infinitive

Example:

If I had time, I would help you.



Type III (unreal condition – past)

We use type III to talk about a past condition that is unreal – it did not take place.
(I didn’t have any time.)

if + past perfect, would have + past participle
Example:

If I had had time, I would have helped you.

Conditional clause
1. If + Present Tense 

Main clause 
will + inf / present tense / imperative

Conditional clause 
2. If + Past Tense 

Main clause 
would + inf

Conditional clause 
3. If + Past Perfect Tense 

Main clause 
would have + past participle 

Ex: a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)

b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)

c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
Main clause


We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause,
only in the main clause.

EXERCISES

Conditional Sentences Type I

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

§ If you (go) __  out with your friends tonight, I (watch) __ the football match on TV.

§ I (earn) __  a lot of money if I (get) that job.

§ If she (hurry / not) __ , we (miss) __ the bus.

Conditional Sentences Type II

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

§ If he (try) __  harder, he (reach) __  his goals.

§ I (buy) __ these shoes if they (fit) __ .

§ It (surprise / not) __ me if he (know / not) __  the answer.

Conditional Sentences Type III
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

§ If we (listen) __  to the radio, we (hear) __  the news.

§ If you (switch) __  on the lights, you (fall / not) __  over the chair.

§ She (come) __  to our party if she (be / not) __  on holiday.

Conditional Sentences Type I, II or III

Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).

§ If I __stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

§ If we'd seen you, we __ .

§ If we __  him tomorrow, we'll say hello.

§ He would have repaired the car himself if he __  the tools.

§ If you drop the vase, it __ .

§ If I hadn't studied, I __ the exam.

§ I wouldn't go to school by bus if I __  a driving licence.

§ If she __ him every day, she'd be lovesick.

§ I __ to London if I don't get a cheap flight.

§ We'd be stupid if we __ him about our secret.



ANSWERS





Conditional Sentences Type I

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

§ If you go out with your friends tonight, I will watch the football match on TV.

§ I will earn a lot of money if I get that job.

§ If she does not hurry, we will miss the bus.

Conditional Sentences Type II

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

§ If he tried harder, he would reach his goals.

§ I would buy these shoes if they fitted .

§ It would not surprise me if he did not know the answer.

Conditional Sentences Type III

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

§ If we had listened to the radio, we would have heard the news.

§ If you had switched on the lights, you would not have fallen over the chair.

§ She would have come to our party if she had not been on holiday.

Conditional Sentences Type I, II or III

Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).

§ If I were stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

§ If we'd seen you, we would have stopped .

§ If we meet him tomorrow, we'll say hello.

§ He would have repaired the car himself if he had had the tools.

§ If you drop the vase, it will break .

§ If I hadn't studied, I would not have passed the exam.

§ I wouldn't go to school by bus if I had a driving licence.

§ If she didn't see him every day, she'd be lovesick.

§ I won't travel to London if I don't get a cheap flight.

§ We'd be stupid if we told him about our secret.



Sources:

http://www.studyandexam.com/types-of-clause.html

https://english.lingolia.com/en/grammar/sentences/if-clauses

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm